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Brazilian aerophytic biotopes are almost completely unknown regarding to cyanobacterial flora. During the study of this special flora, three morphospecies of the genus Nostoc from different habitats in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, were found. Based on their morphology, especially by formation and shape of the akinetes, life cycles and ecology, these populations were considered distinct from all known taxa of Nostoc and are proposed as new species: N. interbryum, N. viride, and N. alatosporum.