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Radiation-induced fibrosis is recently established as a main reason for osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ), anti-eradiation fibrosis drugs achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. However, the molecular mechanism remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found the inhibitory effect of irradiation activated gingival fibroblasts on osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Moreover, irradiation-activated-fibroblasts significantly increased miR‑23a expression in hBMSCs. Decreased miR‑23a enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and elevated miR‑23a inhibited this process via directly targeting CXCL12. Finally, exosome released from irradiation-activated-fibroblasts inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and these exosome mediated delivery of miR-23a and further regulated miR-23a/CXCL12 axis in hBMSCs. Therefore, our findings suggest that by transferring miR-23a, exosome secreted by human gingival fibroblasts in radiation therapy serves a vital role in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, which may provide novel clinical treatments for ORNJ.