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The text discusses the material and ideological pre-conditions generated along the process of transition from feudalism to capitalism which allowed the appearance of Modern Geography. Its genesis is directly related to the process of formation of the German national State, late in relation to the Western European scene, especially to England and France. The late character and the peculiarities of that process influenced the history of Germany, with consequences for its economic relationships, its political organization and even for the dominant thought forms. The issue of unification and the place of Germany in the European and world context, is the challenge answered by the classical German philosophy, of which geography, just as Marxism, are heirs.