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The aim of the article is to discuss the existence of complementary form of rurality on the basis of the case of Tres Arroyos, located to the southeast of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The analysis is framed within the field of "scientific agriculture", which involves the implementation of mechanisms adjusted to the potential and specificities of each territory. The methodology included a review of the specialized literature, as well as of historical, statistical, and photographic photographs, and the systematization and analysis of data gathered from population and agricultural censuses and direct observation. It is possible to conclude that rural areas are experiencing profound changes and shifting toward new uses.