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In this paper, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for solving a dual split quaternion matrix equation <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>X</mi><mi>B</mi><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo> </mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and present the general solution expression when the solvability conditions are met. As an application, we delve into the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Hermitian solution to this equation by using a newly defined real representation method. Furthermore, we obtain the solutions for the dual split quaternion matrix equations <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>X</mi><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo> </mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>X</mi><mi>B</mi><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo> </mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Finally, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate the findings of this paper.