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Dynamic disasters such as rockbursts have different characteristics with different geological structures. The rockburst mechanism and the influencing factors of a typical composite fault-fold structure were explored by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The results showed that: (1) the influence of the composite fault-fold structure on the roadway group rockburst was mainly caused by tectonic stress disturbance; (2) the stress peak value and the influence range of the hanging wall of the fault were larger than those in the footwall, and the stress of the syncline axis was larger than that of the anticline axis; (3) the tectonic stress of the composite fault-fold structure was the highest, the stress value reached to the peak when the fault dip angle was 65°, and the tectonic stress was directly proportional to the elastic modulus of coal and first increased and then decreased with the increase in coal seam thickness; and (4) before rockburst, seismic activities concentrated within 200 m from the footwall and 0–250 m in the hanging wall of the fault, mainly concentrated in 0–20 and 0–40 m, respectively. The spatial distribution coincided with the high static stress area. HighlightsThe asymmetry of stress and microseismic events of composite fault-fold structure reveals the asymmetry of rockburst potential. The rockburst potential of the hanging wall of the fault is greater than that of the footwall, and the rockburst potential of the syncline is greater than that of the anticlineBased on the analysis of stress characteristics and fault activation, it is revealed that the rockburst of roadway group is mainly affected by the static tectonic stress of composite fault-fold structure.Four influencing factors: structure type, fault dip angle, coal seam thickness, and coal elastic modulus are analysed, and the causes of stress concentration of composite fault-fold structure are revealed.