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Abstract Background Senescent cells exert a significant influence over their surrounding cellular environment. Senescent chondrocytes (SnChos) were found to be accumulated in degenerated cartilage present in joints affected by osteoarthritis. The influence of SnChos on exogenously transplanted stem cells has yet to be reported. Methods In this study, we evaluated the interactions between SnChos and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) when co-cultured as well as in the intra-articular senescent microenvironment (IASM). The effect of IASM on cartilage regeneration was also assessed. Results It was found that a small fraction of SnChos induced BMSC cellular senescence and apoptosis. SnChos also inhibited proliferation, facilitated stemness, and suppressed chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. BMSCs induced the apoptosis of SnChos, reduced the proportion of SnChos, stimulated SnChos proliferation, and revealed a bidirectional effect on SnChos inflammaging. IASM significantly suppressed the survival, proliferation, and appropriate differentiation of grafted BMSCs in vivo, all of which impaired cartilage regeneration. Anti-senescence agent ABT-263 was able to partly rescue the cells from the negative effects of SnChos. Conclusions The SnChos and BMSCs interacted with each other at cellular senescence, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell functions. This interaction impaired the cartilage repair of MSCs. Anti-senescence agent provided a possible solution for this impairment.