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Abstract Background Acute respiratory failure is a type of sepsis complicated by severe organ failure. We have developed a new nomogram for predicting the 30-day risk of death in patients through a retrospective study. Method Data was collected and extracted from MIMICIV, with 768 eligible cases randomly assigned to the primary cohort (540) and the validation cohort (228). The final six factors were included by Cox regression analysis to create the Nomogram, the accuracy of the Nomogram was assessed using the C-index and calibration curve, and finally, the clinical usefulness of the Nomogram was evaluated using DCA in. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, DBP, lactate, PaO2, platelet, mechanical ventilation were independent factors for 30-day mortality of SA-ARF. The nomogram established based on the six factors. The C-index of nomogram in the primary cohort is 0.731 (95% CI 0.657–0.724) and 0.722 (95%CI 0.622–0.759) in the validation cohort. Besides, the decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Conclusion The study developed and validated a risk prediction model for SA-ARF patients that can help clinicians reasonably determine disease risk and further confirm its clinical utility using internal validation.