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Background: Sainfoin is a forage legume that is widely distributed around the world and is beneficial for animals owing to the characteristics of its condensed tannins (CTs), which, from certain plants, can prolong the aerobic stability of silage. Methods: The present study investigated whether sainfoin CTs can prolong aerobic stability by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to inactivate CT activity in the silage system. Results: The results showed that aerobic stability increased under the PEG treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen (0.71 g/kg DM vs. 0.94 g/kg DM; <i>p</i> < 0.05) was higher in the PEG-treated group compared with the control after 3 d of aerobic exposure. BA was detected only in the PEG-treated group upon aerobic exposure. Yeasts were more abundant in the control compared with the PEG-treated group after 7 d of aerobic exposure, after which the relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> was lower in the PEG-treated group (65.01% vs. 75.01% in the control; <i>p</i> < 0.05), while the relative abundance of <i>Pediococcus</i> was higher in the PEG-treated group compared with the control (10.9% vs. 4.49%, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.05).The relative abundances of <i>Apiotrichum</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> were lower in the control than in the PEG-treated group after 7 d of aerobic exposure. Conclusions: The results suggested that sainfoin CTs decreased aerobic stability, but could inhibit certain bacteria and fungi, such as <i>Pediococcus</i> and <i>Apiotrichum</i>, and preserve the protein content during the aerobic exposure of silage.