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<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> are central fungal and bacterial members of the pulmonary microbiota. The interactions between <i>A. fumigatus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> have only just begun to be explored. A balance between inhibitory and stimulatory effects on fungal growth was observed in mixed <i>A. fumigatus&#8722;P. aeruginosa</i> cultures. Negative interactions have been seen for homoserine-lactones, pyoverdine and pyochelin resulting from iron starvation and intracellular inhibitory reactive oxidant production. In contrast, several types of positive interactions were recognized. Dirhamnolipids resulted in the production of a thick fungal cell wall, allowing the fungus to resist stress. Phenazines and pyochelin favor iron uptake for the fungus. <i>A. fumigatus</i> is able to use bacterial volatiles to promote its growth. The immune response is also differentially regulated by co-infections.