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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a heterogeneous lung disease, which is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as cough, expectoration and dyspnea caused by abnormal respiratory tract and/or alveolar abnormalities, resulting in persistent and progressive airflow obstruction. Patients show systemic inflammatory response and impaired lung function. Failure to intervene in a timely and effective manner will directly threaten the life safety of patients. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD and targeted implementation of effective treatment mechanisms are essential for patients to restore health and strive for survival opportunities.