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Two novel polymeric nanoparticles co-loaded three components, tetra-(4-bromine thiophenol) phthalocyanine zinc/magnesium, gold particles and curcumin, were assembled through hydrophobic interaction and AuS bonds. The transmission electron microscope images, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and EDS spectra evidenced the formation of the polymeric nanoparticles. The effect between the curcumin and gold nanoparticles on the photophysical and photochemical properties of phthalocyanines in polymeric nanoparticles were investigated by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The polymeric nanoparticle co-loaded with three components showed a higher singlet oxygen quantum yield and encapsulation ratios compared with co-loaded with only one component due to the synergistic effect between curcumin and gold nanoparticles within the nanoparticles. Three components encapsulated into a nanoparticle could provide a new strategy to enhance the singlet oxygen quantum yield as well as encapsulation ratio of polymeric nanoparticles.