Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Pea Protein Isolate and Its Effects on Antigenic Proteins, Functional Properties, and Sensory Profile

oleh: Verónica García Arteaga, Victoria Demand, Karolin Kern, Andrea Strube, Michael Szardenings, Isabel Muranyi, Peter Eisner, Ute Schweiggert-Weisz

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2022-01-01

Deskripsi

Combinations of enzymatic hydrolysis using different proteolytic enzymes (papain, Esperase<sup>®</sup>, trypsin) and lactic fermentation with <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> were used to alter potential pea allergens, the functional properties and sensory profile of pea protein isolate (PPI). The order in which the treatments were performed had a major impact on the changes in the properties of the pea protein isolate; the highest changes were seen with the combination of fermentation followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. SDS-PAGE, gel filtration, and ELISA results showed changes in the protein molecular weight and a reduced immunogenicity of treated samples. Treated samples showed significantly increased protein solubility at pH 4.5 (31.19–66.55%) and at pH 7.0 (47.37–74.95%), compared to the untreated PPI (6.98% and 40.26%, respectively). The foaming capacity was significantly increased (1190–2575%) compared to the untreated PPI (840%). The treated PPI showed reduced pea characteristic off-flavors, where only the treatment with Esperase<sup>®</sup> significantly increased the bitterness. The results from this study suggest that the combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and lactic fermentation is a promising method to be used in the food industry to produce pea protein ingredients with higher functionality and a highly neutral taste. A reduced detection signal of polyclonal rabbit anti-pea-antibodies against the processed protein preparations in ELISA furthermore might indicate a decreased immunological reaction after consumption.