Boosting of Magnetic, Ferroelectric, Energy Storage Efficiency, and Piezoelectric Properties of Zn Intercalated SrBi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>15</sub>-Based Ceramics

oleh: Nawishta Jabeen, Altaf Ur Rehman, Najam Ul Hassan, Muhammad Adnan Qaiser, Anum Zaidi, Muhammad Usman Khan, Imtiaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Nouman

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2022-07-01

Deskripsi

An appropriate amount of Zn-ions are incorporated into the high Curie temperature bismuth layer-structure ferroelectric material to fabricate Sr<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.4</sub>Pr<sub>0.4</sub>Bi<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>15</sub>:<i>xwt%</i>ZnO; (SNPBT:<i>x</i>Zn), with <i>x</i> = 0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ceramic series to investigate the magnetic, ferroelectric, and energy storage efficiency and piezoelectric properties. Pure SNPBT and SNPBT:<i>x</i>Zn ceramics have maintained their structure even after the intercalation of Zn-ions at the lattice sites of SNPBT. The addition of ZnO in SNPBT has improved the multifunctional properties of the material at <i>x</i> = 0.15. At room temperature, SNPBT:0.15Zn has shown a high relative density of 96%, exhibited weak ferromagnetic behavior along with a low saturation magnetization (<i>M<sub>s</sub></i>) of 0.028 emu/g with a low coercive field of 306 Oe, a high remnant polarization (<i>P<sub>r</sub></i>) of 9.04 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>, a recoverable energy density (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of ~0.5 J/cm<sup>3</sup>, an energy conversion efficiency (<i>η</i>) of ~41%, a high piezoelectric co-efficient (<i>d<sub>33</sub></i>) of 21 pC/N, and an impedance of 1.98 × 10<sup>7</sup> Ω, which are much improved as compared to pure SBT or pure SNPBT ceramics. Dielectric Constant (<i>ɛ<sub>r</sub></i>) versus temperature plots present the sharp peak for SNPBT:0.15Zn ceramic at a Curie temperature (<i>T<sub>C</sub></i>) ~ 605 °C, confirming the strong ferroelectric nature of the ceramic. Moreover, SNPBT:0.15Zn ceramic has shown strong, piezoelectric, thermally stable behavior, which remains at 76% (16 pC/N) of its initial value even after annealing at 500 °C. The achieved results clearly indicate that SNPBT:0.15Zn ceramic is a promising candidate for future wide-temperature pulse power applications and high-temperature piezoelectric devices.