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Duhaldea nervosa (Wallich ex Candolle) A. Anderberg was widely used for food spice and folk medicine. However, it is still insufficient in the constituent’s characterization of D. nervosa. In this study, a systematic strategy for rapid detection and identification of constituents was proposed based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry in parallel reaction monitoring mode combining anion exchange resin separation, expected compounds predicted and diagnosis fragmentation ions techniques. Finally, 149 chlorogenic acids derivatives were unanimously and tentatively characterized from D. nervosa, 102 of them were report for the first time. This results widely extended the chemical constituents of D. nervosa, which will facilitate understanding the effective substance and quality control. Meantime, it is possible for this strategy to exhibit a wide application for chemical’s characterization in different sample. Keywords: Duhaldea nervosa (Wallich ex Candolle) A. Anderberg, UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry, Chlorogenic acids derivatives