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Regulation of the Emissions of the Greenhouse Gas Nitrous Oxide by the Soybean Endosymbiont <i>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i>
oleh: Emilio Bueno, Daniel Mania, Socorro Mesa, Eulogio J. Bedmar, Åsa Frostegård, Lars R. Bakken, María J. Delgado
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-01-01 |
Deskripsi
The greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) has strong potential to drive climate change. Soils are a major source of N<sub>2</sub>O, with microbial nitrification and denitrification being the primary processes involved in such emissions. The soybean endosymbiont <i>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i> is a model microorganism to study denitrification, a process that depends on a set of reductases, encoded by the <i>napEDABC</i>, <i>nirK</i>, <i>norCBQD</i>, and <i>nosRZDYFLX</i> genes, which sequentially reduce nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) to nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), nitric oxide (NO), N<sub>2</sub>O, and dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>). In this bacterium, the regulatory network and environmental cues governing the expression of denitrification genes rely on the FixK<sub>2</sub> and NnrR transcriptional regulators. To understand the role of FixK<sub>2</sub> and NnrR proteins in N<sub>2</sub>O turnover, we monitored real-time kinetics of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO, N<sub>2</sub>O, N<sub>2</sub>, and oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) in a <i>fixK</i><sub>2</sub> and <i>nnrR</i> mutant using a robotized incubation system. We confirmed that FixK<sub>2</sub> and NnrR are regulatory determinants essential for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> respiration and N<sub>2</sub>O reduction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that N<sub>2</sub>O reduction by <i>B. diazoefficiens</i> is independent of canonical inducers of denitrification, such as the nitrogen oxide NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and it is negatively affected by acidic and alkaline conditions. These findings advance the understanding of how specific environmental conditions and two single regulators modulate N<sub>2</sub>O turnover in <i>B. diazoefficiens</i>.