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The effects of invasive species on the local community (e.g., structure and stability) are highly environmentally dependent. Invasions of amphibious species usually take place in both xeric and humid environments, yet they are relatively poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the communities that were dominated by <i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i> using ecological niche and interspecific association. A total of 66 species and 67 species were recorded in the xeric environment and humid environment, respectively. In both environments, species in family Gramineae, such as <i>Echinochloa crusgalli</i> and <i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, exhibited a higher level of importance values and greater ecological niche widths. The interspecific association and stability of the dominant species were weak and the dominant species were relatively independent of each other. In the xeric environment, <i>A. philoxeroides</i> was more compatible with <i>E. crusgalli</i> and <i>C. dactylon</i> in terms of ecological niche requirements and habitat suitability. In humid habitats, <i>A. philoxeroides</i> had a greater correlation with <i>E. crusgalli, C. dactylon</i>, and <i>Persicaria lapathifolia</i>, suggesting a higher possibility of concomitant occurrence. Overall, we suggested that during the revegetation after <i>A. philoxeroides</i> invasion, <i>E. crusgalli</i> and <i>C. dactylon</i> can be the alternative plants. Meanwhile, alternative control measures for <i>A. philoxeroides</i> invasion in agricultural fields should give more consideration to the use of plants with economic or ecological value.