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Beginning in the 1970s, the founders of classical sociology began to be criticized for making naive and crude assumptions about the distinction between the notion of tradition and the notion of modernity. Sociologists, such as Edward Shils and S. N. Eisenstadt, and historians, led by EricHobsbawm and Terence Ranger, sought a deeper understanding of historical processes by asking questions about how social change effects particular clusters of associated ideas and practices and why some elements alter while others persist.