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Simultaneously enhancing multiple antenna performance parameters is a demanding task, especially with a challenging set of design goals. In this paper, by carefully deriving a compatible set of enhancement techniques, we propose a compact/lightweight/low-cost high-performance L-band octagonal cavity-backed hybrid antenna with multiple attractive features: dual-polarization, wide impedance bandwidth, low cross-polarization, high gain, and high aperture efficiency. The ground cavity is octagonal, which allows the antenna to have a small footprint, and, more importantly, low cross-polarization and high aperture efficiencies when compared to a commonly-used square design. The hybrid design relies on the resonance merging of two radiating elements, i.e., radiating feedlines and a conductive open prism, to form a wide impedance bandwidth. To permit polarization diversity and low cross-polarization, it is differentially and orthogonally fed. Herein, a series of parametric simulation studies on antenna configurations provide information on how to improve the impedance bandwidth and cross-polarization performance. To verify the simulation studies, an antenna prototype was fabricated and tested. Excellent agreement between the simulated and measured results was reached.