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Buckwheat is a pseudocereal with high nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Although common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i>) is the main cultivated species, Tartary buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i>) is gaining interest. In this paper, we compared plant growth, yield-related parameters and seed nutritional qualities of two varieties of <i>F. esculentum</i> and <i>F. tataricum</i> under field conditions in Belgium. <i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> flowered earlier, produced less nodes, less branches, less inflorescences, but more flowers per inflorescence than <i>F. tataricum</i>. The yield was higher in <i>F. tataricum</i>, while the thousand-grain weight was higher in <i>F. esculentum</i>. Yield ranged between 2037 kg/ha and 3667 kg/ha depending on the species and year. Regarding nutritional qualities, seeds of <i>F. esculentum</i> contained more proteins (15.4% vs. 12.8%) than seeds of <i>F. tataricum</i> although their amino acid profile was similar. Seeds of <i>F. esculentum</i> contained also more Mg (1.36 vs. 1.15 mg/g dry weight (DW)) and less Fe (22.9 vs. 32.6 µg/g DW) and Zn (19.6 vs. 24.5 µg/g DW) than <i>F. tataricum</i>. The main difference between seed nutritional quality was the concentration of flavonoids that was 60 times higher in <i>F. tataricum</i> than in <i>F. esculentum</i>. Both species grow well under Belgian conditions and showed good seed quality.