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To help the transportation sector achieve the goal of the energy saving and low-carbon transformation, including highway, waterborne, urban transportation and ports. This paper sets four development scenarios to predict the carbon emission of the transportation sector in Guizhou province. Results indicate that in business-as-usual scenario, the carbon emissions show an overall upward trend; in high speed development scenario, the transportation in Guizhou province will reach a carbon peak in 2030, with a peak value of 8.76 million tons. China should actively take measures for energy saving and carbon reduction. By 2060, optimization of the energy structure contributes more carbon reduction than the optimization of transportation structure. We will promote the energy-saving and green development of China’s transportation carbon emissions.