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This study uses the sol-gel method to explore the structural and thermal properties of synthesised potassium-doped 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the crystalline phase of Na₂Ca₄ (PO4) ₂SiO₄ and a shift in diffraction peaks due to the potassium integration, suggesting enhanced crystallinity. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) showed a change in particle morphology with the potassium addition, indicating modified nucleation and growth processes. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated improved thermal stability in the potassium-doped samples, with reduced weight loss across all temperature ranges. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis revealed an increase in the surface area from 11.54 m²/g in the BG to 11.77 m²/g in the potassium-doped BG and a decrease in the pore volume and average pore size, indicating a significant structural change. These results highlight the potential of potassium-doped BG in biomedical applications, offering enhanced bioactivity and thermal stability.