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The genetic polymorphisms of 17 microsatellites were investigated in four indigenous laying-type duck breeds in China. The average number of alleles (Na) and average rates of homozygotes of each breed were counted. Accordingly, allele frequencies of the 17 microsatellites, polymorphism information content (PIC), mean heterozygosity (H) and genetic distances (Ds) were also calculated. Moreover, dendrograms using UPGMA and the neighbour-joining method were produced. The four breeds have a high average PIC (0.643) and H (0.682). Ds are between 0.514 and 0.662, the gene differentiation among the four breeds is 14.4%.