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<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> is a worldwide generalist pest with remarkable adaptations to environments and stresses, including developmental stage-related behavioral and physiological adaptations, such as diverse feeding preferences, mate seeking, and pesticide resistance. Insects’ odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are essential for the chemical recognition during behavioral responses or other physiological processes. The genome-wide identification and the gene expression patterns of all these identified <i>OBPs</i> and <i>CSPs</i> across developmental stage-related <i>S. frugiperda</i> have not been reported. Here, we screened for genome-wide <i>SfruOBPs</i> and <i>SfruCSPs</i>, and analyzed the gene expression patterns of <i>SfruOBPs</i> and <i>SfruCSPs</i> repertoires across all developmental stages and sexes. We found 33 <i>OBPs</i> and 22 <i>CSPs</i> in the <i>S. frugiperda</i> genome. The majority of the <i>SfruOBP</i> genes were most highly expressed in the adult male or female stages, while more <i>SfruCSP</i> genes were highly expressed in the larval or egg stages, indicating their function complementation. The gene expression patterns of <i>SfruOBPs</i> and <i>SfruCSPs</i> revealed strong correlations with their respective phylogenic trees, indicating a correlation between function and evolution. In addition, we analyzed the chemical-competitive binding of a widely expressed protein, <i>SfruOBP</i>31, to host plant odorants, sex pheromones, and insecticides. Further ligands binding assay revealed a broad functional related binding spectrum of <i>SfruOBP</i>31 to host plant odorants, sex pheromones, and insecticides, suggesting its potential function in food, mate seeking, and pesticide resistance. These results provide guidance for future research on the development of behavioral regulators of <i>S</i>. <i>frugiperda</i> or other environmentally friendly pest-control strategies.