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Polymorphism and Ligand Binding Modulate Fast Dynamics of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplexes
oleh: Luca Bertini, Valeria Libera, Francesca Ripanti, Francesca Natali, Marco Paolantoni, Andrea Orecchini, Alessandro Nucara, Caterina Petrillo, Lucia Comez, Alessandro Paciaroni
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2023-02-01 |
Deskripsi
Telomeric G-quadruplexes (G4s) are promising targets in the design and development of anticancer drugs. Their actual topology depends on several factors, resulting in structural polymorphism. In this study, we investigate how the fast dynamics of the telomeric sequence AG<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>(TTAG<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>)<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> (Tel22) depends on the conformation. By using Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, we show that, in the hydrated powder state, Tel22 adopts parallel and mixed antiparallel/parallel topologies in the presence of K<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and Na<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> ions, respectively. These conformational differences are reflected in the reduced mobility of Tel22 in Na<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> environment in the sub-nanosecond timescale, as probed by elastic incoherent neutron scattering. These findings are consistent with the G4 antiparallel conformation being more stable than the parallel one, possibly due to the presence of ordered hydration water networks. In addition, we study the effect of Tel22 complexation with BRACO19 ligand. Despite the quite similar conformation in the complexed and uncomplexed state, the fast dynamics of Tel22-BRACO19 is enhanced compared to that of Tel22 alone, independently of the ions. We ascribe this effect to the preferential binding of water molecules to Tel22 against the ligand. The present results suggest that the effect of polymorphism and complexation on the G4 fast dynamics is mediated by hydration water.