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Single-column elevated station structures are irregular structures with long-span cantilever beams and individual pier columns in the transverse section. The uneven mass and stiffness in the horizontal and vertical planes necessitate research on the seismic performance of these structures. This study performed a nonlinear response-history analysis (<i>NRHA</i>) of a single-column elevated station structure using the finite element program MSC.MARC and analysed its seismic performance under different seismic intensities. The stress states of the primary components were evaluated, and the effect of vertical earthquake motion on the seismic performance of the structure was considered. The torsional behavior caused by the uneven mass and stiffness in both horizontal and vertical directions should be considered, and energy dissipation measures should be taken to reduce the internal force and deformation of the bottom-pier columns and second-floor columns in the process of designation to improve the seismic performance of the structure. A bidirectional pushover analysis (<i>BPA</i>) was applied. The load amplification factor was adjusted to optimize the <i>BPA</i> results. The results of the modified <i>BPA</i> were similar to those of the <i>NRHA</i>, indicating the computational reliability of the modified <i>BPA</i>. The modified <i>BPA</i> method was accurate, applicative, and efficient. The <i>BPA</i> can improve computational efficiency compared to <i>NRHA</i> and can be widely applied in the structural design process for practical engineering applications.