Investigation of Gas Diffusion Electrode Systems for the Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion

oleh: Hilmar Guzmán, Federica Zammillo, Daniela Roldán, Camilla Galletti, Nunzio Russo, Simelys Hernández

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2021-04-01

Deskripsi

Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction is a promising carbon capture and utilisation technology. Herein, a continuous flow gas diffusion electrode (GDE)-cell configuration has been studied to convert CO<sub>2</sub> via electrochemical reduction under atmospheric conditions. To this purpose, Cu-based electrocatalysts immobilised on a porous and conductive GDE have been tested. Many system variables have been evaluated to find the most promising conditions able to lead to increased production of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction liquid products, specifically: applied potentials, catalyst loading, Nafion content, KHCO<sub>3</sub> electrolyte concentration, and the presence of metal oxides, like ZnO or/and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. In particular, the CO productivity increased at the lowest Nafion content of 15%, leading to syngas with an H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of ~1. Meanwhile, at the highest Nafion content (45%), C<sub>2+</sub> products formation has been increased, and the CO selectivity has been decreased by 80%. The reported results revealed that the liquid crossover through the GDE highly impacts CO<sub>2</sub> diffusion to the catalyst active sites, thus reducing the CO<sub>2</sub> conversion efficiency. Through mathematical modelling, it has been confirmed that the increase of the local pH, coupled to the electrode-wetting, promotes the formation of bicarbonate species that deactivate the catalysts surface, hindering the mechanisms for the C<sub>2+</sub> liquid products generation. These results want to shine the spotlight on kinetics and transport limitations, shifting the focus from catalytic activity of materials to other involved factors.