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Impact of Press Mud and Animal Manure in Comparison with NPK on the Growth and Yield of Triticale (<i>Triticosecale wittmack</i>) Genotypes Cultivated under Various Irrigation Regimes
oleh: Ahmad Sher, Muhammad Nawaz, Zuhair Hasnain, Kashf Mehmood, Muhammad Bilal Chattha, Muhammad Ijaz, Abdul Sattar, Danish Ibrar, Saqib Bashir, Muhammad Musawir Khan, Safia Gul, Sohail Irshad, Shah Fahad, Niaz Ahmed, Habibullah, Afroz Rais, Shahbaz Khan
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-11-01 |
Deskripsi
It is needful to have alternative nutritious cereal crops to feed the ever increasing population and meet food security in the long run. Triticale (<i>Triticosecale wittmack</i>) is used for both livestock feed and human consumption as it contains higher protein and lysine contents than other cereals. Synthetic fertilizers applied in combination with organic amendments can play a pivotal role in increasing crop yields. Field experiments were designed to explore the impact of chemical fertilizers (NPK), press mud and animal manure on growth and yield of triticale genotypes cultivated under different irrigation regimes. Experiments were laid out by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-split plot arrangements having three replicates and comprised of different treatments such as chemical fertilizers (T<sub>1</sub> = control, T<sub>2</sub> = NPK, T<sub>3</sub> = press mud and T<sub>4</sub> = animal manure), genotypes (G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub>), and irrigation regimes (I<sub>1</sub> = full irrigation, I<sub>2</sub> = irrigation was skipped at heading stage, and I<sub>3</sub> = irrigation was skipped at heading and grain filling stages). Statistical analyses of collected data depicted the significant effect of chemical fertilizers, organic amendments, genotypes and irrigation regimes on various yield and yield related attributes of triticale. The highest increment in various observed attributes like plant height, leaves per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield was recorded in I<sub>1</sub>, followed by I<sub>2</sub> and I<sub>3</sub>; in case of varieties, G<sub>1</sub> performed better than G<sub>2</sub> while T<sub>3</sub> had maximum values in the aforementioned parameters as compared to other treatments. The application of NPK in combination with press mud and animal manure improved the growth and yield of triticale genotypes cultivated under different irrigation regimes. Thus, NPK along with organic amendments and irrigation practices can successfully be used to improve the growth and yield of triticale.