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Covering arrays generalize orthogonal arrays by requiring that <em>t</em> -tuples be covered, but not requiring that the appearance of <em>t</em> -tuples be balanced.<br />Their uses in screening experiments has found application in software testing, hardware testing, and a variety of fields in which interactions among factors are to be identified. Here a combinatorial view of covering arrays is adopted, encompassing basic bounds, direct constructions, recursive constructions, algorithmic methods, and applications.<br />