Gas Phase Hydrogenation of Furaldehydes via Coupling with Alcohol Dehydrogenation over Ceria Supported Au-Cu

oleh: Chiara Pischetola, Laura Collado, Mark A. Keane, Fernando Cárdenas-Lizana

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2018-11-01

Deskripsi

We have investigated the synthesis and application of Au-Cu/CeO<sub>2</sub> (Cu: Au = 2) in the continuous gas phase (<i>P =</i> 1 atm; <i>T</i> = 498 K) coupled hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) with 2-butanol dehydrogenation. STEM-EDX analysis revealed a close surface proximity of both metals in Au-Cu/CeO<sub>2</sub> <i>post</i>-TPR. XPS measurements suggest (support &#8594; metal) charge transfer to form Au<i><sup>&#948;</sup></i><sup>&#8722;</sup> and strong metal-support interactions to generate Cu<sup>0</sup> and Cu<sup>+</sup>. Au-Cu/CeO<sub>2</sub> promoted the sole formation of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) and 2-butanone in the HMF/2-butanol coupling with full hydrogen utilisation. Under the same reaction conditions, Au/CeO<sub>2</sub> was fully selective to DHMF in standard HMF hydrogenation (using an external hydrogen supply), but delivered a lower production rate and utilised less than 0.2% of the hydrogen supplied. Exclusive -C=O hydrogenation and -OH dehydrogenation is also demonstrated for the coupling of a series of <i>m-</i>substituted (-CH<sub>3</sub>, -CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, -CH<sub>2</sub>OH, -CF<sub>3</sub>, -N(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, -H) furaldehydes with alcohol (1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-propanol, 2-butanol, cyclohexanol) dehydrogenation over Au-Cu/CeO<sub>2</sub>, consistent with a nucleophilic mechanism. In each case, we observed a greater hydrogenation rate and hydrogen utilisation efficiency with a 3&#8315;15 times lower E-factor in the coupling process relative to standard hydrogenation. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using hydrogen generated in situ through alcohol dehydrogenation for the selective hydrogenation of <i>m-</i>furaldehydes with important industrial applications.