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The mesoporous silica SBA-15 and mesoporous K2CO3-SiO2 composite material were synthesized. Characterization of microstructure and morphology of materials indicated that the composite material had saved the porous framework of mesoporous silica SBA-15. Humidity sensing properties of different inverse proportion K2CO3-SiO2 composite material were studied and we found that the sample with 0.16 g/g K2CO3 exhibited excellent linearity in the wide humidity range. The complex impedance changed five orders of magnitude from 11% RH to 95% RH. The rapid response and recovery time were 10 s and 38 s, respectively. Finally a feasible ion transfer mechanism was brought forward to explain the sensing mechanism.