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Abstract Without doubt, the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is one of the major projects in particle physics at the high energy frontier in the upcoming decades. Planned to come into operation mid-2027 it will substantially increase the amount of proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV delivered to the LHC experiments with a planned integrated luminosity of 3000 $$\mathrm {fb^{-1}}$$ fb - 1 for both ATLAS and CMS experiments, 50 $$\mathrm {fb^{-1}}$$ fb - 1 for LHCb, and 5 $$\mathrm {fb^{-1}}$$ fb - 1 for ALICE. The delivery of Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions with integrated luminosities of 13  $$\mathrm {nb^{-1}}$$ nb - 1 and 50  $$\mathrm {nb^{-1}}$$ nb - 1 is foreseen, yielding an increase by a factor of up to twenty compared to the currently available data of Run-1 and Run-2.