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IL‐6 is a cytokine that plays an important role in response to injury or infection and is a promising biomarker for predicting poor prognosis and therapeutic targets in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This article reviews the biochemical mechanism, function and genotype of IL‐6, and summarizes the diagnostic and prognostic value of IL‐6 level. Anti‐IL‐6 therapy does not affect the effect of immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but enhances its anticancer function, which may be the treatment option for immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) in the future. Therefore, IL‐6 may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.