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The emission of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) caused by marine transportation has attracted worldwide environmental concerns. Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging semiconductive material with the advantages of high electron mobility, a layer-dependent direct band gap and a large specific surface area. These properties ensure excellent potential in gas-sensing applications. In this work, BP quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized from commercial red phosphorus (RP) fine powder via the aqueous route. The BP QDs show uniform size distribution with an average size of 2.2 nm. They are employed to fabricate thin film gas sensors by aerial-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The microstructure, morphology and chemical composition are determined by various characterizations. The sensor performances are evaluated with the optimized response set to 100 ppm NO₂ of 10.19 and a sensitivity of 0.48 is obtained. The gas sensor also demonstrates excellent repeatability, selectivity and stability. The fabricated thin film gas sensor assembled by BP QDs exhibits prospective applications in selective NO₂ detection for marine gaseous pollutant monitoring and control.