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<p><strong>Objective</strong> To study the clinical manifestations, imaging and pathological features, treatment and prognosis of 5 patients diagnosed as demyelinating pseudotumor (DPT) by pathology.<strong> Methods</strong> The data of clinical features, radiological and histological examination of 5 patients with DPT were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literatures were reviewed.  <strong>Results</strong> All patients were male. Main symptoms included limb weakness in 3 cases, dizziness and impaired memory in 2 cases, seizures in one case. Head MRI examination revealed space-occupying lesions with hypointense signal on T₁WI, hyperintense signal on T₂WI and FLAIR. Enhanced MRI showed obvious enhancement of lesions (open-ring enhancement in 3 cases). The lesion were totally (4 cases) or partially (one case) removed, and postoperative histological examination showed inflammatory demyelination. One case died after twice relapse, and others had favorable prognosis.  <strong>Conclusions </strong> DPT is an inflammatory demyelination with mass effect. It should be differentiated from central nervous system tumors in order to avoid unnecessary resection or radiotherapy.</p><p> </p><strong>DOI: </strong>10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.03.010