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Short- and Long-Term Evaluation of a Fixed Dose of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> Strain MS-8 Diluted in Various Doses of Kaolin as a Powder Formulation Applied to Rice Grains to Control Almond Moth, <i>Ephestia cautella</i> Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
oleh: Mohamed Baha Saeed, Mark D. Laing, Ray M. Miller
| Format: | Article |
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| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2022-10-01 |
Deskripsi
Short-term and long-term evaluation studies were conducted against <i>Ephestia cautella</i> on rice grains, using <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> Strain MS-8 formulated in various doses of kaolin as an active carrier. In the short-term study (45 days), a fixed dose of 0.03 g conidia kg<sup>−1</sup> of grain of Strain MS-8 was formulated in kaolin at doses of 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 g kg<sup>−1</sup> of grain. These formulations were evaluated for their effects on larval mortality and the number of adults emerged. The highest level of larval mortality (90.0%) and the lowest numbers of adults emerged (1.6 insect/100 g of rice grain) were caused by Strain MS-8 in a kaolin dose of 2 g kg<sup>−1</sup>. However, Strain MS-8 in a kaolin dose of 1 g kg<sup>−1</sup> performed well for the same parameters. In the long-term evaluation study (180 days), the same dose of Strain MS-8 was formulated in kaolin at doses of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 g kg<sup>−1</sup> of grain. These formulations were then evaluated against the levels of webbed grain, grain damage, and weight loss. The lowest levels of webbed grain (2.0%), grain damage (3.0%), and weight loss (1.8%) were caused by Strain MS-8 in kaolin at a dose of 3 g kg<sup>−1</sup>, although Strain MS-8 in kaolin doses of 1 g and 2 g kg<sup>−1</sup> also performed well for the same parameters. The highest levels of webbed grain (15.0%), grain damage (30.0%), and weight loss (9.0%) were observed in the untreated control treatment (UCT).