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Dementia is a common problem among the elderly and is defined by the reduction in memory and cognition. Dementia is often caused by a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, but a number of systemic disorders would also lead to this devastating condition. It is necessary to identify these disorders because many of them are treatable. This article provides an overview of the relationship between systemic disorders, including diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, with the development of dementia; two common systemic disorders that their association with each other and also with dementia has been established in many previously published articles. Additionally, the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of dementia via the quoted disorders were discussed almost in detail.