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Marine target detection and recognition depend on the characteristics of marine targets and sea clutter. Therefore, understanding the essential features of marine targets based on the measured data is crucial for advancing target detection and recognition technology. To address the issue of insufficient data on the scattering characteristics of marine targets, the Sea-Detecting Radar Data-Sharing Program (SDRDSP) was upgraded to obtain data on marine targets and their environment under different polarizations and sea states. This upgrade expanded the physical dimension of radar target observation and improved radar and auxiliary data acquisition capabilities. Furthermore, a dual-polarized multistate scattering characteristic dataset of marine targets was constructed, and the statistical distribution characteristics, time and space correlation, and Doppler spectrum were analyzed, supporting the data usage. In the future, the types and quantities of maritime targets will continue to accumulate, providing data support for improving marine target detection and recognition performance and intelligence.