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Poppies are well-known plants in the family <i>Papaveraceae</i> that are rich in alkaloids. This family contains 61 species, and in this study we sequenced the transcriptomes of four species&#8217; (<i>Papaver rhoeas</i>, <i>Papaver nudicaule</i>, <i>Papaver fauriei</i>, and <i>Papaver somniferum</i>) leaves. These transcripts were systematically assessed for the expression of secondary metabolite biosynthesis (SMB) genes and cytochromes, and their expression profiles were assessed for use in bioinformatics analyses. This study contributed 265 Gb (13 libraries with three biological replicates) of leaf transcriptome data from three <i>Papaver</i> plant developmental stages. Sequenced transcripts were assembled into 815 Mb of contigs, including 226 Mb of full-length transcripts. The transcripts for 53 KEGG pathways, 55 cytochrome superfamilies, and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis (BIA) were identified and compared to four other alkaloid-rich genomes. Additionally, 22 different alkaloids and their relative expression profiles in three developmental stages of <i>Papaver</i> species were assessed by targeted metabolomics using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Collectively, the results are given in co-occurrence heat-maps to help researchers obtain an overview of the transcripts and their differential expression in the <i>Papaver</i> development life cycle, particularly in leaves. Moreover, this dataset will be a valuable resource to derive hypotheses to mitigate an array of <i>Papaver</i> developmental and secondary metabolite biosynthesis issues in the future.