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<span>The Random Amplified Polymorphic </span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:-.2pt">DNA (RAPD) technique was used to study the genetic diversity of four <i>Elops machnata</i> populations in </span><span style="font size:10.0pt;letter spacing:-.2pt">South India</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;letter-spacing:-.2pt">. <i>Elops machnata </i>is considered as a least concern species (LC), categorized by the International Union for Conservation and Nature (IUCN). The population trends are currently stable in </span> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Indian Ocean</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:-.2pt">, </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Eastern Africa</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;letter-spacing:-.2pt">, but are unknown throughout the rest of its expansive range, especially in Indian estuaries. Among the ten RAPD primers tested, eight primers got amplified and gave scorable bands. In total, 119 scorable bands were observed in all populations. The overall observed and effective number of alleles was found to be 2.000 ± 0.000 and 1.5307 ± 0.2503 respectively for the entire population. The overall polymorphic loci were 61.00% and the overall gene flow among the four populations was predicted to 0.1032. The genetic distance and geographic distance between the four populations showed a positive correlation. The highest genetic similarity (0.6824) was found between Parangipettai and Muthupettai population, which reflected the geographical relationship between them. Tow main clusters were obtained based on UPGMA dendrogram. This study proves that RAPD analysis has the ability to discriminate <i>E. machnata </i>populations in South Indian coastal waters.</span></p>