Comparison of Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Degradation of Maprotiline in Water—Kinetics, Degradation Products and Potential Ecotoxicity

oleh: Nuno P. F Gonçalves, Zsuzsanna Varga, Edith Nicol, Paola Calza, Stéphane Bouchonnet

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2021-02-01

Deskripsi

The impact of different oxidation processes on the maprotiline degradation pathways was investigated by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) experiments. The in-house SPIX software was used to process HRMS data allowing to ensure the potential singular species formed. Semiconductors photocatalysts, namely Fe-ZnO, Ce-ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub>, proved to be more efficient than heterogeneous photo-Fenton processes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and persulfate. No significant differences were observed in the degradation pathways in the presence of photocatalysis, while the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> mediated process promote the formation of different transformation products (TPs). Species resulting from ring-openings were observed with higher persistence in the presence of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>. In-silico tests on mutagenicity, developmental/reproductive toxicity, Fathead minnow LC<sub>50</sub>, D. magna LC<sub>50</sub>, fish acute LC<sub>50</sub> were carried out to estimate the toxicity of the identified transformation products. Low toxicant properties were estimated for TPs resulting from hydroxylation onto bridge rather than onto aromatic rings, as well as those resulting from the ring-opening.