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<em>Bothriomyrmex enigmaticus</em> sp. nov. is described from the island of Hispañola based on one nest collection. This is the first collection of the genus <em>Bothriomyrmex</em> (Emery, 1869) from the Caribbean region, and the second species to be described from the Americas. While sharing several characters with <em>B. paradoxus</em> (Dubovikoff &amp; Longino, 2004) from Costa Rica and Honduras, <em>B. enigmaticus</em> sp. nov. diverges in several key characters, including palp formula. However, a morphometric comparison to Palearctic species of the tribe Bothriomyrmecini suggests affinities to <em>B. paradoxus</em>, <em>Chronoxenus wroughtoni</em> (Forel, 1895) of the eastern Palearctic, and to a lesser extent an undescribed species of <em>Arnoldius</em> (Dubovikoff, 2005) from Australia and <em>B. corsicus</em> (Santschi,1923) of the western Palearctic.