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<i>Agaricus</i> is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae, with several highly priced edible and medicinal species. Here we describe <i>Agaricus macrochlamys</i>, a new species, in <i>A</i>. sect. <i>Arvenses</i>, sympatric and morphologically cryptic with the edible and medicinally cultivated mushroom, <i>A. subrufescens</i>. Phylogenetic analyses showed that <i>A. macrochlamys</i> is closely related to <i>A. subrufescens</i>, and that <i>A. fiardii</i> is a new synonym of <i>A. subrufescens</i>. Despite being morphologically cryptic, <i>A. macrochlamys</i> can be distinguished from <i>A. subrufescens</i> by several ITS and <i>tef1α</i> species-specific markers and a 4-bp insertion in the <i>tef1α</i> sequence. Furthermore, <i>A. subrufescens</i> is a cosmopolitan species, while <i>A. macrochlamys</i> distribution is so far restricted to Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and the United States.