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In this work, Al–Mg intermetallic powders were characterized and obtained by melting, casting into a steel chill and subsequent mechanical activation in a planetary mill. The method for producing Al₁₂Mg₁₇ intermetallic powder is presented. The dispersity, morphology, chemical composition, and phase composition of the obtained powder materials were investigated. Certain thermodynamic properties of high-energy materials containing the Al-Mg powder after mechanical activation of various durations were investigated. The addition of the Al-Mg powders to the high-energy composition (synthetic rubber SKDM-80 + ammonium perchlorate AP + boron B) can significantly increase the burning rate by approximately 47% and the combustion heat by approximately 23% compared with the high-energy compositions without the Al-Mg powder. The addition of the Al₁₂Mg₁₇ powder obtained after 6 h of mechanical activation provides an increase in the burning rate by 8% (2.5 ± 0.1 mm/s for the mechanically activated Al₁₂Mg₁₇ powder and 2.3 ± 0.1 mm/s for the commercially available powder) and an increase in the combustion heat by 3% (7.4 ± 0.2 MJ/kg for the mechanically activated Al-Mg powder and 7.1 ± 0.2 MJ/kg for the commercially available powder). The possibility of using the Al-Mg intermetallic powders as the main component of pyrotechnic and special compositions is shown.