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In this paper, robust <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>H</mi><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> control for fractional-order switched systems (FOSSs) with uncertainty is studied. Firstly, the fractional-order switching law for FOSSs is proposed. Then, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>H</mi><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> control for FOSSs is proven based on the switching law and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>H</mi><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> control for FOSSs with a state feedback controller is extended. Furthermore, the LMI-based condition of robust <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>H</mi><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> control for FOSSs with uncertainty is proven. Furthermore, the condition of robust <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>H</mi><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> control is proposed to design the state feedback controller. Finally, four simulation examples verified the effectiveness of the proposed methods.