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Depredation (wild predators feeding on fish caught by man) is a global concern in the fishing industry. Solutions to this type of conflict necessarily involve setting up an observation program to understand and quantify the phenomenon. This study takes the example of the toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery around the Kerguelen and Crozet archipelagos in the southern Indian Ocean. Collaboration between the various stakeholders involved like the management authority (TAF or Terres australes françaises), the scientists (MNHN, CNRS, IRD) and the fishermen was the key to the rapid implementation of data collection from the late 90s onwards. The fishery observers employed by TAF cover 100% of the fishing effort on board the eight authorized vessels. The experience gained has been presented and benefited to other observer programs.