Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
oleh: Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud Ahmed, Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud Ahmed, Paulina Diepers, Christian Janke, Michael Plank, Tabea M. Eser, Tabea M. Eser, Raquel Rubio-Acero, Anna Fuchs, Olga Baranov, Olga Baranov, Noemi Castelletti, Inge Kroidl, Inge Kroidl, Laura Olbrich, Laura Olbrich, Laura Olbrich, Bernadette Bauer, Danni Wang, Martina Prelog, Johannes G. Liese, Christina Reinkemeyer, Michael Hoelscher, Michael Hoelscher, Philipp Steininger, Klaus Überla, Andreas Wieser, Andreas Wieser, Christof Geldmacher, Christof Geldmacher
| Format: | Article |
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| Diterbitkan: | Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-01 |
Deskripsi
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated.