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<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is increasingly being recognized as a relevant pathogen for animals with a putative zoonotic impact. This study aimed at identifying and characterizing carbapenemase-producing <i>A. baumannii</i> from animals. Among 503 <i>A. baumannii</i>, mainly isolated from dogs/cats (75.7%) between 2013 and 2018, 42 isolates from 22 veterinary clinics (VCs) harboured <i>bla</i>_OXA-58 (<i>n</i> = 29) or <i>bla</i>_OXA-23 (<i>n</i> = 13). The <i>bla</i>_OXA-58 gene was located on plasmids (11.4–21.1 kb) within different genetic surroundings (patterns A–D). <i>Bla</i>_OXA-23 was embedded in Tn<i>2006</i> on the chromosome (<i>n</i> = 4; pattern a) or Tn<i>2008</i> on plasmids (<i>n</i> = 9; 41.2–71.3 kb; patterns b–e). The predominant IC1-ST1^P-OXA-58 (66.7%; 96.4% cgMLST complex type (CT)-1808) was disseminated among 11 VCs in Germany. Resistance islands <i>Aba</i>R3-like (<i>n</i> = 15) and <i>Aba</i>R10 (<i>n</i> = 1) have emerged among ST1-isolates since 2016. IC7-ST25^P-OXA-23 isolates (21.4%) occurred in seven VCs in Germany, France and Italy and differed in their resistance gene patterns from those of OXA-58 isolates. They were separated into six CTs, basically according to their regional origin. Other STs observed were ST10, ST578 and ST602. In conclusion, OXA-23 and OXA-58 were linked with ST1 and ST25, two globally distributed lineages in humans. The suggested transmission of certain lineages within and among VCs together with the acquisition of <i>Aba</i>R islands hints at a successful dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains in the VC environment.